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bCast

I/V w/ Anjum Rahman of the IWCNZ: April 10, 2019

Anjum Rahman is a spokesperson for the Islamic Women’s Council of NZ, a group formed in 1991 to cater specifically for the needs of Muslim women in the country. Anjum wrote in The Spinoff the weekend after the terror attacks in Christchurch outlining the work she and others had done for the past five years to draw attention to the very real threats Muslim communities were facing. What was also outlined was the lack of any real response to take action. Lillian Hanly spoke with Anjum earlier this week about these issues, and they touched on the upcoming Royal Commission of Inquiry. The terms of reference had not been announced at this point, but they have since, and both Anjum and Dr Anwar Gheni of the Federation of Islamic Associations were broadly pleased with the outcome, Anjum had said she felt the terms of reference reflected some of the input of her organisation. But it seems the group itself has had to put in a lot of work to get there. Lillian started by asking Anjum what her role is currently as part of the Islamic Women’s Council.

NOTE:

On Monday the government announced the terms of reference for the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Christchurch terror attack. They also announced Sir William Young, Supreme Court Justice, as its chair which will ensure the inquiry maintains its independence from the government. The Commission will have a budget of 8.2 million dollars, and Sir Young may request additional finances if required.

The inquiry will examine what happened as quickly as possible. The Commission itself will be established by Order in Council tomorrow, April 10. It will start considering evidence from May 13 and is expected to report back to the Governor General by December 10.

The Commission will look into:

· The individual’s activities before the attack, including:

· Relevant information from his time in Australia;

· His arrival and residence in New Zealand;

· His travel within New Zealand, and internationally;

· How he obtained a gun licence, weapons and ammunition;

· His use of social media and other online media;

· His connections with others, whether in New Zealand or internationally;

· What relevant state sector agencies knew about this individual and his activities before this attack; what actions (if any) they took in light of that knowledge; and whether there were any additional measures that the agencies could have taken to prevent the attack;

· Whether there were any impediments to relevant state sector agencies gathering or sharing information relevant to the attack, or acting upon such information, including legislative impediments, and

· Whether there was any inappropriate concentration or priority setting of counter terrorism resources by relevant state sector agencies prior to this attack.

This last point is fairly key, a number of voices have spoken out since the attacks outlining the work which had been done to draw officials attention to the threats Muslim communities were facing. Voices have also pointed out the extensive scrutiny faced by the Muslim community from security agencies. But the terms have pleased Muslim community leaders, Newsroom reported. Anjum Rahman from the Islamic Women's Council has stated she feels the terms do reflect some of the input from her organisation as does Dr Anwar Gheni from the Federation of Islamic Associations. Rahman believes they have been heard in that sense. Both Rahman and Gheni are expected to be called by the commission to give evidence.

The Prime Minister has also made a point regarding social media, saying there is an expectation the Royal Commission will give a view on social media's use as a tool, but wider issues around social media was an issue that will sit with central government.

Given the involvement of the GCSB and SIS in the inquiry, the security agencies may have classified information and Sir Young will be given the clearances to handle any sensitive information. Ardern has acknowledged there will be an expectation of a public-facing report.

You can find more information online on the Internal Affairs website.

bCast

'Blood phosphate' from Western Sahara - Part III Polisario Front - the legal implications of illegal occupation: October 23, 2019

The conversation around phosphate imported from the disputed area of the Western Sahara continues. After having spoken to one of the two companies who are the last two companies in the western world that continue to trade with Morocco (listen here to Ballance Agri-Nutrients who were the only company that agreed to a phone interview - Lillian is continuing to source information from Ravensdown), Lillian was intent on understanding the legal implications of this.

Kamal Fadel, who is based in Australia, is a spokesperson for Polisario Front - Western Sahara’s independence movement. Kamal had stated last week the group was looking into legal action against the companies in New Zealand. Lillian reached out to Kamal over Twitter to see if she could speak with him about this and it turned out he was in New Zealand for the next couple of days. Kamal had actually been part of organising Tecber’s talking tour, who we heard from for Part I of this series, and they had taken the rare opportunity of having someone from the Western Sahara visiting New Zealand to meet with government officials and attend conferences. When Lillian contacted Kamal, he was speaking at an event for the NZ Institute of International Affairs the following day. Lillian went along to the talk last minute and managed to introduce herself there - Kamal then agreed to come into the bFM studios for a discussion. They ended up discussing the legality of Morocco's invasion and continued occupation, the rights that exist for non-self-governing territories, and why there are plenty of good reasons for the NZ companies to stop being involved in the trading of 'stolen goods'. First up, Lillian asked what Polisario Front is.

NOTES:

-Forbes List 'King of Rock' reference

-CSPB research to halt the import of Western Saharan phosphate:

"CSBP also completed design work and started fabrication of a regenerative thermal oxidiser that will broaden supply options for the superphosphate manufacturing operation at Kwinana and help reduce dependence on phosphate rock from Western Sahara." Pg. 47

"The two other Australian importers of phosphate from Western Sahara, Wesfarmers (through its subsidiary CSBP) and Impact Fertilisers, divested from the region in 2009 and 2012, respectively."

-Nauru example given by Kamal explanation:

"Nauruans’ experiences of a resource curse from mining phosphate stands, as a case study of retarded development. Nauru was much adulated in the press in the early 20th century as an example of a small island that became wealthy through mining. The high grade phosphate that covered four fifths of the island was considered by outsiders as a very lucrative resource that had to be mined, particularly as fertilizer to enhance the pastures of Australia and New Zealand. The development of Nauru has been misinterpreted by attributions of wealth to Nauruans when most of the profits from mining accrued to the mining agencies. Sales of phosphate yielded far greater development to Australian agriculture than to Nauruan owners of the resource. Meanwhile the small island surface of Nauru underwent gradual destruction of its interior retarding any developments, economic or humanitarian."

This is Part III in a series, you can listen to the others here:

Part I

Part II

Part IIII

Photo credit: The Economist

bCast

Iran and the US - what next? March 4, 2020

So, the US and Iran. Often two countries referred to as being in tension. At the beginning of this year there were some major instances in the heightening of tensions between Iran and the United States. On the 3rd January the US ordered the assassination by drone strike of Major General Qasem Soleimani - the head of Iran’s Revolutionary Guards. He was considered the second most powerful person in Iran. Following this, there was relief as well as anger at his death. There was also shock around the world for what this would mean for Iran US relations which have been considerably rocky since President Trump removed the US from the Nuclear Deal signed in 2015 with Iran and a number of other countries. In removing themselves from the deal they also reapplied sanctions on Iran that had been removed as part of the 2015 agreement. The sanctions, along with mismanagement and a shock rise in fuel prices led to nationwide protests last year in Iran. More than 1000 people are believed to have been killed. After the assassination both countries were on high alert and this led to the shooting down of a civilian plane by the Revolutionary Guard who mistook it for a cruise missile. 176 people were on board and all were killed. As the Iranian elections are upon us, as well as the American elections later this year, Lillian thought it could be good to have a big conversation about what this all means. Negar Mortazavi is an Iranian American journalist and media analyst based in Washington DC. She has been following Iran news and US Iran relations for a decade. I reached out to her to provide a bit more context about the history between these two countries and to understand more about how this political warfare, which could lead to actual warfare, is affecting the everyday lives of people.

It would be remiss of me not to mention what is happening in Iran right now with the coronavirus. On instagram this morning a post came up by the user See you in Iran - this is an account for the Hostel and Public Cafe of the same name situated in Tehran, however the bio also states ‘voices from within Iran to avoid others speaking on our behalf’. The post they made reads as follows:

“A new phase of disaster and isolation has hit Iran after the frightful news of Iran becoming a new epicenter of the Coronavirus outbreak; another critical point we are facing along the recurring crisis during the past few months. Firstly, authorities took no measurement to keep Covid19 from entering the country, and further on had no plans to quarantine virus-hit cities. False medical advice, avoiding reliable statistics release, and shortage on health services are causing social chaos. Many countries have closed their air and land borders with Iran and lots of businesses are on the verge of collapse. Low-paid workers have no choice but to use public transportation, vulnerable women and children are working on the street and subways, with poor sanitizing conditions; and yet there is no sign of the officials’ support. The private sector, conforming to the rule of capital, have mostly found their business more valuable than their workers health conditions and did not shut down their workspace as well. For most of us there is no excitement about our new year celebration, Nowrus, with no family or friend gatherings this year. It is hard not to lose hope and fight for the good, though we do not stop to depict our global audience the challenge people inside Iran are coping with these days: health insecurity, unstable career, political disappointment, and an unknown future.”

bCast

Stuck between the Greek and Turkish border during Covid19

In 2016 there was a deal made between Turkey and Europe in an attempt to stem the flow of refugees into Europe. It would work by returning one Syrian refugee from the Greek islands to Turkey and in exchange, a Syrian asylum seeker in Turkey would be found a home in Europe. Early this year, after intense bombings in the Idlib province of Syria, the Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan encouraged a thousands of Refugees to move through Greece to Europe. He said he would ‘open the Greek and Turkish border’ which, under that 2016 EU-Turkey statement, he had been tasked to protect from irregular crossings. The resulting influx of asylum-seekers, migrants and refugees into Greece was met with violence at the borders, with Greek police using tear-gas, water cannons, and stun grenades. In response, and in an attempt to further halt that movement, Europe agreed to pay Turkey 6 billion Euros. Just over half of this has been paid out. By the beginning of March, renewed violence at the border was rife amid speculation the previous deal between the EU and Turkey had fallen through. LSE reports there were videos of Greek border guards shooting at a dinghy containing people seeking refuge in Greece – along with the 450 people trapped in a naval vessel in Lesbos forbidden to lodge asylum claims.Turkey also deployed 1000 police officers to its border to prevent Greece pushing migrants and refugees back. Thousands of people were stuck between the Turkish and Greek borders.

As this was happening, Covid19 was spreading through Europe. I wanted to understand how the spread of Covid19 was going to impact those currently stuck between each border and what measures were being taken to protect those people. My friend Milad is from Germany, a child of refugees. He knows many languages and went to volunteer on the Greek island of Samos last year to support those who needed support in both the Farsi and Dari languages. I asked Milad if he could put me in touch with anyone who was there currently to speak to this situation. He pointed me in the direction of a facebook group set up to coordinate volunteers heading to Greece. There I found a few people who wanted to speak to me, we will hear from them soon, and perhaps in the coming days as well as the situation develops. Natalie Gruber is from Austria, since 2015 she has been involved in the refugee crisis as a volunteer on different borders throughout Europe. She works as a volunteer for the organisation Josoor, which means Bridge in Arabic. It’s an association founded in 2015 by Syrian refugee Qutaiba Zarzour and Natalie with the goal of developing an online platform to connect everyone involved in the European refugee crisis.

So - Two weeks ago, Natalie travelled to Turkey with other volunteers given the huge number of refugees stuck between the border of Turkey and Greece forced there by authorities on either side. Natalie arrived in Erdina, a city close to the border with Greece, and it was too difficult to get into the camp. Natlie said police were discouraging people to help there. The group of volunteers split, some staying there and forming connections and others heading home to work from there. She’s working on a crowdfunding campaign where the money goes directly to purchasing supplies that can be distributed such as food medicine sanitary products blankets and plastic sheets for tents because real tents are not allowed. I spoke to Natalie while she was in Austria. I started by asking her what the situation is at the border.

Update: Lillian spoke to Natalie on the 27th March. The situation has changed a lot since then:

"Everyone has now been removed from the border and brought to detention camps in nine different places. The camps are all over Turkey, not Istanbul as promised - some even on the Syrian border. Police showed our Facebook profiles to the people on the busses, asking if they were in touch with us. Most people had their phones taken away right then and there, and those who managed to hide them have since been running out of battery so we have almost no contact anymore. The officials said that the people would be returned to the border after 2 weeks of quarantine, but we don't really believe that".

Videos mentioned in the piece:

Pazarkule

Omar

If you wish to donate to support Josoor, find their campaign here.

bCast

'Blood phosphate' from Western Sahara - Part II - Ballance Agri-Nutrients responds: October 16, 2019

Phosphate. Fertiliser. Farming. Western Sahara. Morocco. And New Zealand. What is it that brings these things together?

Last week we played an interview with Saharawi resistance spokesperson Tecber Ahmed Saleh. Tecber was in New Zealand the past two weeks touring the country to try and educate people on her country’s situation. Tecber was born in one of the longest-standing refugee camps in the Western Sahara, formed after Tecber's country was occupied by Morocco in the 1970s and the Saharawi people were forced into the desert. Currently, the issue of governance is going through the United Nations - but this has taken years and is not yet resolved. Since 1991, there has been a UN-administered ceasefire that stopped the fighting between the Algerian-backed Polisario Front and the Moroccan government over who should govern the area known as Western Sahara. There is a referendum pending here that the Sahrawis people are waiting on. In fact, the NZ Council of Trade Unions called on the United Nations on Tuesday this week to organise, without further delays, a self-determination referendum for the people of Western Sahara. Furthermore, it called on New Zealand companies to “halt imports of phosphates from the occupied areas of Western Sahara until the legal status of the Territory is determined and the Saharawi people are allowed to exercise their inalienable right to self-determination in accordance with relevant UN resolutions and Peace Plan of 1991.”

While in New Zealand, Tecber spoke with Lillian Hanly about the desperate situation in the refugee camps in the mean time and the link to the New Zealand companies who import phosphate partly extracted from the Western Sahara, through Morocco. If you want to hear this full interview check it out in the bCasts. But back to phosphate.

Ballance Agri-Nutrients and Ravensdown are two companies in New Zealand that provide fertiliser to the country’s farmers. Part of the ingredients required to make the fertiliser Ballance-Agri Nutrients and Ravensdown provide is phosphate. Tecber indicated that these two companies are two of the last companies, and therefore New Zealand is the last country external to Morocco that continue to trade with Morocco despite the governing dispute. After having spoken to Tecber Lillian contacted both Ravensdown and Ballance Agri-Nutrients to find out more.

Ravendsown responded with a written statement and more information, Lillian is following up with them on whether they can do an interview and that information will be covered next week. Their position is ultimately that they are in compliance with the UN framework around dealing with non-self governing territories, they say they are acting legally.

Ballance Agri-Nutrients also responded and Lillian conducted an interview with them. Warwick Catto is the Science Strategy Manager at Ballance Agri-Nutrients, a farmer owned cooperative that alongside Ravensdown provide fertiliser products. Part of Warwick’s role as Science Strategy Manager means he is involved in discussions around the Zero Carbon Bill and freshwater policies in order to ensure the company itself is complying with these new legislations, as well as looking to the future and innovative ways of reducing their carbon footprint for example. Warwick told Lillian that phosphate is one of 14 essential elements that living things use, calcium phosphate for example helps to make bones and teeth. Fertiliser products are necessary in any kind of farming to replace the nutrients and minerals (or the phosphate and sulphur) that are essentially eaten or consumed by animals and plants. Particularly in New Zealand Warwick said, these nutrients are lacking in the soil, and thus the importation of these nutrients and the replacement of the nutrients in soil is necessary. Here, a product called SuperPhosphate is used because the plants need phosphate and sulfur. Lillian had quite a lengthy conversation with Warwick about the situation in Western Sahara, but also New Zealand’s pastoral farming system, which is fairly distinctive in regards to the rest of the world, they also spoke about different methods of farming as well as finite resources and the obligation of finding alternatives - especially given phosphate is one of those finite resources. If you are interested in this you can find the full chat online here. For the show today though, Lillian focused on Ballance Agri-Nutrients' relationship to the Western Sahara.

NOTE: The same day as this was broadcasted, Radio NZ published a piece on the issue as well. A government official for Western Sahara stated they are close to initiating court action against New Zealand. Kamal Fadel is the Australia and New Zealand representative for Polisario, the United Nations-recognised independence movement for Western Sahara. Fadel says the Moroccan occupation of Western Sahara was internationally disagreed with and New Zealand's purchase of phosphate from them, was at odds with this. "At the moment New Zealand companies are part of the problem, not the solution, because their involvement provides money to the Moroccans to buy arms and tools to oppress our people. It gives them moral support that they have a right to be in Western Sahara which they don't have ... It's a de facto recognition of Morocco's involvement."

Lillian will speak to Kamal Fadel for next week's show.

This is Part II in a series, you can listen to the others here:

Part I

Part III

Part IIII

Photo credit: The Atlantic

bCast

95bFM Breakfast with Tess: July 17, 2018

Today on your bFM Breakfast: Never fear, Tess is here bringing you a more mellow morning; While His Worship is saturated in the media with court cases and all sorts, we get official word from the Man himself; Andy Deere graces us in studio to talk about his film, Bludgeon (2018), teaching us about good ol' medieval battles; Amelia reviews The Green Fog (2018) and yep, it's good; and Tess is going into the future with the University of Auckland's Danny Osborne, what will politics look like? It's grim; But hey, Tess reckons she might have a tune or two to brighten up your Tuesday.

bCast

Wednesday One To Four, Weds 17 July, 2019

Featuring:

Communerty by Clever Calvin as the Play It Out album for the week
~
'Resavoir' by Resavoir, in response to "Hi Bridge can you please hit the feeling of being rejuvenated and full of energy after a debilitating sickness?" for the Emotional Request of the week (out to the number ending in 444 on the request line)

bCast

The One To Four with Gin: July 30, 2019

bCast

Wednesday One To Four, Weds 11 March, 2020

Featuring:

TRASH 2: THE OFFICIAL MOVIE SOUNDTRACK by WhyFi. as the Play It Out album for the week
~

bCast

The Rhythm Selection: 8th January, 2018

with guest selector Nealske